The Senate has formal powers such as voting for VP if electoral votes are tied, ability to introduce laws and legislation revenue, advise and consent the president, holding impeachment trials, approve treaties with 2/3 vote, confirmation of high-level appointees, may determine the rules of their own proceedings, conduct investigations in Congress, and the power to be the judge of the "elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members.". They are formal powers because they are expressly stated in the Constitution. They also have informal powers such as filibustering and the power to cloture.